Former Nigerian Military Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon, has described the Biafra civil war as the “most painful episode in Nigeria’s history,” reflecting on the devastating impact of the conflict that lasted from 1967 to 1970.
Speaking in Abuja on Wednesday, May 14, 2025, Gowon acknowledged the profound suffering caused by the war but emphasized the military’s role in preserving Nigeria’s unity during that turbulent period. “On one hand, the military preserved national unity during the civil war,” he said. “We built infrastructure, created states to bring the government closer to the people, and at times restored order when civilian structures faltered.”
However, Gowon also candidly admitted the darker legacy of military rule in Nigeria. “On the other hand, I must acknowledge that military rule stifled democratic development, sometimes violated civil liberties, and created structures that enabled corruption,” he stated.
Despite these shortcomings, Gowon expressed hope for a better democratic future, anchored by a technologically sophisticated and intelligence-driven military capable of effectively tackling insecurity in the country.
The former Head of State’s remarks come amid ongoing debates about the long-term effects of the civil war and military governance on Nigeria’s political and social development. Gowon’s reflections highlight the complex legacy of a conflict that claimed millions of lives and continues to influence Nigeria’s national discourse.
He also underscored the military’s contributions to peace and economic development, suggesting that a reformed and accountable military remains vital to Nigeria’s stability.
Gowon’s acknowledgment of the civil war as Nigeria’s most painful chapter resonates with many Nigerians who remember the devastating human cost and enduring divisions the war caused, while also sparking calls for reconciliation and healing across the nation.