The European Union and China are commemorating the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations with a high-profile summit held in Beijing on July 24, 2025. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Antonio Costa traveled to China to meet with President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Qiang, and other senior leaders. This milestone serves as both a celebration and a reflection on the state of diplomatic ties between the two major global partners.
Despite marking half a century of engagement, the relationship between the EU and China faces significant strains. Disputes over market access, industrial policies, and China’s restrictions on rare earth exports continue to provoke friction. Moreover, geopolitical tensions have risen sharply due to differences surrounding Russia’s war in Ukraine, where the EU strongly opposes Russia’s actions while China maintains a more ambivalent position. These issues contribute to a cautious, sometimes tense atmosphere at the summit.
Commission President von der Leyen described the relationship as “one of the most significant and impactful globally,” underscoring the urgent need to recalibrate and enhance cooperation in the face of global uncertainties. Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of mutual trust and collaboration, urging the EU to make “appropriate strategic decisions” to strengthen ties.
The summit, originally scheduled as a two-day event, was shortened to one day, reflecting the complex dynamics at play. While both sides recognize China and the EU as each other's second-largest trading partners, deep-seated mutual mistrust persists amid economic rivalry and contrasting political systems.
This 50-year milestone also serves as an opportunity to explore pragmatic cooperation on global challenges such as climate change, multilateralism, and economic stability, even as the summit remains a platform for frank exchanges on contentious issues.
Earlier in 2025, various celebrations across Europe and China, including receptions held by the Chinese Mission to the EU and a cooperation conference in Beijing, highlighted the historical significance of the relationship and the prospect for renewed partnerships despite difficulties.
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